Telegraphy



(No Model.)

P. B. DELANY.

TELBGRAPHY. No. 510,003. Patented Dee. 5, 1893.

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UNITED STATES ATENT OEEICE.

PATRICK B. DELANY, OF SOUTH ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 510,003, dated December5, 1893.

Application tiled January 22,1892. Serial No. 418.947. (No model.)

To coll whom it may concern.-

Beit known that I, PATRICK B. DELANY, a citizen of the United States,residing at South Orange, in the county of Essex and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraphy,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a system of telegraphy adapted more especiallyfor use upon long and difcult circuits, such for instance as oceancables and long underground lines. The invention consists of an improvedreceiving apparatus adapted to readily respond to and render manifestthe received impulses of current representing the transmitted messageeither in dots or dashes, or any other telegraphic code. To this end Iso construct the receiver that it will respond to impulses ofalternating polarity and that the delicate movements of that part of thereceiver which responds directly to the main line currents shall controlmore vigorously acting local devices by means of which the transmittedimpulses are rendered manifest by sound or a permanent record or both.

In the construction of my apparatus I ernploy a permanent magnet in theeld of which is located a delicately pivoted or suspended coil that isincluded in the main line circuit. This coil is entirely unbiased, or ispractically so for the purpose of this invention, and it therefore tendsto remain at rest in any position into which it may be moved by oneimpulse of current until another impulse of current effects its movementin the opposite direction. This coil carries or actuates a light contactarm that may be made of aluminium or other suitable material. This partof the apparatus is substantially like that found in ordinary cablerecorders, except that the swinging coil is, as above stated, entirelyunbiased. IVhen an impulse ofcurrent of one polarity passes in the coilit swings in one direction, and the passage of'a current of oppositepolarity or direction causes it to swing in the opposite direction. Itsmovement in either direction is limited by stops, preferably nonmetallic. The end of the contact arm extending beyond these stops playsbetween two contacts carried by the armature lever of a polarized relayor electro magnet. The relation of the two pairs of stops to the contactarm is such that when moving in either direction the outer end of thearm first strikes the electrical contact or stop, whereupon a localcircuit is completed. The completion of this local circuit effects theenergization of a small magnet also carried upon the armature lever ofthe polarized magnet, so that the initial feeble or light contactbetween the arm and its stop is reinforced or perfected by theattraction of the small magnet acting upon a minute armature carried bythe contact arm. While this is occurring the local circuit of thepolarized magnet is closed in such a manner or direction that itsarmature lever is moved in the same direction as the contact arm carriedby the unbiased swinging coil. The contact arm is therefore carriedalong with the armature lever of the polarized magnet until the armcornes against its non-metallic limiting stop. Then the continuedmovement of the armature lever separates the contact stop thereon fromthe arm. On the completion of the movement of the armature lever of thepolarized magnet in one direction the local circuit of a sounder,recorder or register is closed, thus rendering manifest the signalrepresented by the received impulse that has caused the movement ofthe'swinging coil. The contact arm now bears against its limiting stopof insulating material and is separated from the electrical stop carriedby the armature lever, so that any trembling, chattering or vibration ofthe arm from any cause whatever does not affect the sounder or otherreceiving apparatus. In otherwords the first movement of the contact armresults in the production of the intended signal in a complete andperfect manner, and any subsequent vibration or chattering of the armagainst its limiting stop cannot mutilate the signal. A similarperfection of reception of the signal may be obtained if the smallmagnets that attract the contact arm in the manner described areomitted. ln that event when the arm comes against the contact stopcarried by the armature lever of the polarized magnet a local circuit iscompleted that et'ects the movement of the armature lever in the samedirection in which the contact arm is moving. The arm and contact stoptherefore move together until the arm comes against its insulatedlimiting stop; then the continued movement of the armature leverforcibly carries the Contact stop away from the arrested arm overcomingany sticking or welding at the contacts and the local circuit is opened,the operation being precisely as already described. Under someconditions I prefer to omit the small magnets acting upon the contactarm, and to operate in the manner last mentioned. The magnet included iuthe local circuit closed by the contact arm is `preferably wound with arelatively high resistance, so that it will readily respond to thedelicate contacts completed by the slight pressure of the arm upon itscontacts.

The accompanying drawing isa diagram illustrating the invention.

Aisa permanent magnet,between the poles of which is located the unbiasedswinging coil (shown pivoted) through which the mainline Lis connected;The coil carries a contact arm C that plays between two limiting stopsc, c, preferably of insulating material. The end of the arm extendingbeyond the stops plays between two insulated metallic stops carried bythe armature lever D of a polarized magnetE.4

F is apolarized relay, one terminal of the coils of which is connectedwith the arm C. The other terminal is connected with the middle of asplit battery Z, b, whose poles are respectively connected with thestops c', c. The armature lever of the relay F controls thev localcircuit of the polarized magnet E, and the armature lever D of thislatter mags net controls the local circuit of an ordinary repeater,sounder, register or recorder S. If it is desired that the message shallbe re` ceived by sound and also be recorded, S may be a combinedrecorder and sounder, as is well understood.

G Gare two small solenoids, that may have iron coresto increase theeifect, carried by the armature lever D, and respectively included inthe local circuit between the poles of the battery Z b and the contactsc. These magnets or solenoids when energized attract a minute armature Gcarried by the contact arm C.

Ignoring for the present the magnets G and their armature G theoperation is as follows: Assuming that a positive impulse passes in thecoil B, the contact arm C would be moved say to the right. It rst comesiu contact with the right hand metallic contact c car ried bythearmature lever D. On a difficult circuit this movement of the arm C maybe very delicate and have but little power, but nevertheless the contactwith e lwill be sulficient to charge the magnet F which is alsodelicately adjusted, and effect the movement of its armature from onestop to the other. Thereupon the local circuit of E is firmly closed,and the armature lever D also moves to the right. The contactarm C willnaturally follow this movement because of the tailing or duration of thecurrent impulse in the coil B, but when the arm strikes its limitingstop c, the metallic contact c leaves the arrested arm, and on thecompletion of the movement of the armature lever D, the signal will beproduced upon the instrument S, and the arm C isleft entirely free to bemoved in the opposite direction. lVith the part-s in the condition whichthey have now assumed the trembling of the arm C upon its limiting stopc cannot in any way mutilate or affect the perfect manifestation of thesignal by the instrument S. The next transmitted impulse being one ofopposite polarity, the coil B will swing in the opposite direction andcarry itsarm C against the left hand metallic Contact c', which marksthe termination of` the signal, the operation being obvious and asalready described. The feeble trembling and comparatively uncertainmovements of the arm C are thus translated into distinct and vigorousactions that effect locally the mani- `festatiou of the signal. Wherethemagnets G are employed, their initial effect is of course toreinforce the contact between C and c', for no matter how slight orimperfect the contact between arm C and contact c may be at first, it isinstantly improved by the attraction of G, and then on the movement ot'the armature lever D, the magnet G that is then energized draws thecontact arm C alongwith it until the arm is arrested by its limitingstop o. The magnet A might of course be an electro magnet, whosecircuitwould be permanently closed while the apparatus was in use.

This receivingapparatus may be used with advantage in connection with asystem of transmission such as is shown in my application, Serial No.400,740, iiled` July 25, 1891- that is to say, with a transmitting`system in which the message impulses areof uniform duration, andalternating olarit i and the line is grounded, or connected with the return wire, it' a metallic circuit is being worked, during the periodsbetween the impulses.

As usual the coil B may have a stationary iron core-X. The arm C may becounter-balanced by a rearwardly projecting weight Y shown in dottedlinesas located belowthe.

upper arm of the bracket in which the coil is pivoted.

The rocking arm of thelocal polarized instrument carrying the.localcontacts aifords in effect a movable zero for the contact arm ofthe main receiving coil, for when the rocking arm reaches its limitafter moving inthe same direction as the contact arm of the main coil,the contact point on the opposite side has been carried along at thesame timeand left close to the contact arm, so that the slightestmovement in the return directionunder the influence ot' the main currentbrings it into contact with the other local contact post IIO whichresultsin a return or reverse movement of the rocking lever.

The receiving instrument at one point may be made the transmitter foranother circuit making it possible to operate any distance desired, orto join up long or short cables into a practically continuous circuit.At present the transfer of messages from one long cable to another or toa short cable must necessarily be effected by manual retransmissionwhich causes delay and errors.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a telegraphic receiver, the combinationof the movable contact maker of the receiver and two contacts or stopson each side thereof, one a temporary movable contact, and the other afixed limiting stop with means for moving the temporary contacts awayfrom said contact maker .substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a telegraphic receiver, the combination of the unbiased movablepart of the receiver, its contact maker, and two contacts or stops oneach side thereof,onea movable contact, and the other a fixed limitingstop, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of the swinging coil, the magnet in whose field itislocated, an arm carried or actuated by the coil, its fixed limitingstops, its contact stops carried by an armature lever and a localcircuit controlled at said contact stops and by means of which themovement of said armature lever is effected, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

4. In a telegraphic receiver, the combination of a magnet, a swingingunbiasedcoil located in the field thereof, an arm carried or actuated bythe coil, two stops on each side of the arm, one a limiting stop andonea movable contact stop, a local circuit controlled by said contactstops, a polarized relay in said local circuit, a second local circuitcontrolled by said relay, a second polarized relay ink said second localcircuit and its armature lever carrying said movable contact stops, anda third local circuit containing a sounder or recording receivercontrolled by said armature lever. y

5. In a telegraphic receiver the combination of the movable part of thereceiver, a limiting stop against which it works, a temporary movablecontact with which it also comes in contact, and local means controlledby the movable part of the receiver foreffecting the separation of saidmovable part of the receiver and said movable contact while the formeris held or arrested'by the fixed stop, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of the movable contact maker of the receiver, acontact stop against which the contact maker first comes in itsmovement, a local circuit completed at saidl contact, a movable partactuated through the completion of the local circuit to move in the samedirection with the contact maker and with which the contact stop moves,and an arresting or limiting stop, whereby when the contact maker comesagainst its arresting stop the contact stop is forcibly carried out ofcontactwith and away from the contactmaker.

7. In a telegraph receiver the combination with the` movable contactmaker of the receiver and a movable contact stop on each side of themovable contact maker, against which the movable contact maker comes incontact, of means for moving the contact stop away from the contactmaker, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

S. In a telegraphic receiver, the combination with the movable part ofthe receiver and the .contact of the local circuit against which itworks, of local electro magnetic means whose circuit is controlled bythe movable part of the receiver for forcibly moving the local circuitcontact away from the movable part of the receiver when its requiredmovement has been completed, substantially as set forth.

9. In a telegraphic receiver the combination of the unbiased movablepart of the receiver to be actuated in either direction by main linecurrents, a local circuit controlled therebyV and means whereby saidcircuit is closed and then broken during a single movement of said partin either direction, substantially as set forth.

l0. In a telegraphic receiver the combination of the movable part of thereceiver to be actuated in either direction by a mainline current, alocal circuit controlled thereby, means whereby said circuit is closedand then broken during a single movement of said part in eitherdirection, anda magnet or receiving instrument through which the localcircuit is completed at each movement of the receiver in eitherdirection, substantially as set forth. Y

1l. In a telegraphic receiver, the combination of the part of thereceiver actuated in opposite directions by main line currents, a localcircuit controlled thereby, means whereby said local circuitis closedand then broken during the movement of said part in either direction,and a polarized relay in the local circuit, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination of the movable part of the receiver actuated ineither direction by main line impulses a local circuit controlled IOOIIO

thereby, contacts by which the local circuit f part of the receiver foropening the local circuit after it has been thus closed, substan-`tially as set forth.

14. In a telegraphic receiver, the combina*- tion of the movable part ofthe receiver actuated bymain line current, the contact part againstwhich it bears when moved by the main line current to completealocalcircuit, andlocalmeans controlled by the movable part ofthe receiver andco-acting therewith upon `each actuation thereof for increasing thecontact pressure between said parts, substantially as set forth.

15. In a telegraphicreceiver the combination of the movable'part of thereceiver actuated by main line currents, the contact against which itbears,-when movedbythe main line current, to complete a local circuit,means controlled by the movable part of the receiver andco-actingtherewith on each actuation for increasing the contact pressurebetween said parts, and local means controlled by the movable part ofthe receiver for openingthe local circuit after it has thus been closed,substantially as set forth.

16. In a telegraphic receiver, the combination of the movable part ofthe receiver adapted tobe actuated in either direction by currents ofopposite direction or polarity, a contact against which it bears whenmoved in either direction, a local circuit completed at said contact,means controlled by the movable part rof the receiver for increasing thecontact pressure between said parts, and lo cal means controlled by themovable part of the receiver for opening theflocal circuit after it hasthus been completed.

17. In a telegraphic receiver the combination of thermovable part of thereceiver, the contact against which it bears, when moved, to complete alocal circuit, means controlled by thernovable part `of the receiver andcoacting therewith on each actuation for increasing` the contactpressure between said parts, and means for throwing the contact pressureincreasing means out of action before the commencement of the return orbackward movementof the movable part of the receiver, substantially asset forth.

18. In a telegraphic receiver, the combinationof the movable part of thereceiver, a contact against whichit bears to complete a local circuit, acoil whose circuit is controlled by the movable part of the receiver,inwhich coil current passes upon each completion of the local circuit, andthat co-acts with the movable part of the receiver on each actuationthereof acts to increase the contact pressure between said parts, andmeans for withdrawing the current from said coil before the commencementof the return or backward movement of the movable part of said receiver,substantially as set forth.

19. In a telegraphic receiver, the combination ofthe movable partthereof actuated by main line currents, an armature carried there by, acontact against which said part bears when moved by a main line currentto .complete a local circuit, asounderor other dual receiver in said`local circuit, an electro-mag-` netic coil whose circuit is controlledby the,

movable part ofthe receiver and in which current passes on thecompletion of said local circuit, the coil actingto attract the armatureand increase the pressure of said movable part against the contact, andmeans for withdrawing the current from the coil beforethc cuit at one ofsaid contact stops said stop is moved coincidently with the contactmaker' andcontinues in contact therewith until separated by thearresting of the contact maker, and electro magnetic devices :forreinforcing the contact between the contact maker and itscontact stop,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2l. In a telegraphic receiver, the `combination of the part of thereceiver moved by main line currents, and local electric devicescontrolled by the movable part of thereoeiver that assist the main linecurrents in moving saidV part, whereby the amount ofwork required tobedone by the main line currents is reduced, substantially as set forth.

In a telegraphic receiver, the combination of the movable partofthereceiver actuated in reverse directions by reverse oralternatingvcurrents received over the main line, and local electriccoils whose circuit is controlled by the movable part of the receiverthat assist the main line currents in actuating said movable part of thereceiver, whereby the amount of work required to be done by the mainline currents is reduced, substantially as set forth.

23. The combination of thc movable part of the receiver actuated `ineither direction by main line impulses a local circuit controlledthereby, contacts by which the local circuit is completed upon themovement of said part in either direction, local means controlled by themovable part of the receiver for increasing the contact pressure betweensaid part and the local circuit contacts, and local means controlled bysaid movable part for opening the local circuit independently ofthecessationof the mainline currents.

24:. The combination of a receiver having a, movable part adapted to bemoved in oppo-` site d1rection by received currents of unlike;

polarity or direction, two local coils acting oppositelynpon said partand tendingv to move IOC In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribedmy name.

PATRICK B. DELANY.

Witnesses FRANK S. OBER, M. J KELLEY.

